Hegel: Foundations

Seven dialogues into the thought of G. W. F. Hegel

A course on the thought of G. W. F. Hegel.

What you will learn

  • Place Hegel's life and the Phenomenology in the age of the French Revolution and Napoleon
  • Grasp the founding conviction: philosophy is its own time comprehended in thought
  • Understand the two ideals the age could not unite: radical freedom and expressive wholeness
  • See why Hegel insists the cure must come through reason, not by retreating from it
  • Follow the being-nothing-becoming derivation step by step
  • Grasp Aufhebung and determinate negation; discard the thesis-antithesis-synthesis caricature
  • Reconstruct the recognition argument: desire → struggle → mastery and servitude → the reversal through fear and work
  • Explain why recognition must be mutual to be worth anything

Course outline

  1. The World-Soul on Horseback — Jena, October 1806: Napoleon rides beneath my window while the Phenomenology's last pages sit in my coat. Who I am, where I came from, and why philosophy must comprehend its own time.
  2. The Age Torn in Half — The wound my philosophy answers: Kant's gap, the Enlightenment's crisis of reason, the longing for Greece, and a freedom that uproots everything it touches.
  3. The Dialectic: Thinking Without a Parachute — The method itself: begin with nothing presupposed, watch pure being turn into nothing and both into becoming — and learn why contradiction is an engine, not an error.
  4. Master and Slave — Desire, the struggle to the death, and the great reversal: why the master's victory is hollow and the slave's labor is the road to freedom.
  5. Geist: The I That Is a We — Spirit is not a ghost. What I mean by Geist: the shared life of mutually recognizing selves — language, customs, institutions — the element you have breathed since birth.
  6. Freedom's Architecture — and the Terror — The Philosophy of Right: why doing-as-you-please is not yet freedom; family, civil society, and state as freedom made actual — and the Revolution's descent into Terror as the proof by catastrophe.
  7. Reason in History — and the Owl at Dusk — World history as the progress of the consciousness of freedom: the slaughter-bench, the cunning of reason, the world-historical individuals — and the racist pages of my own lectures, read without…

Works read in this course

  • Phenomenology of Spirit — My 1807 'voyage of discovery' — consciousness educated, shape by shape, from bare sense-certainty to absolute knowing; finished the night before the battle of Jena.
  • Science of Logic — The system's foundation (1812-16) — pure thought deriving its own categories from a beginning with nothing presupposed.
  • Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences — My complete system in outline (1817; revised 1827, 1830): logic, nature, spirit.
  • Elements of the Philosophy of Right — My political philosophy (1821) — freedom made actual in right, morality, and ethical life.
  • Lectures on the Philosophy of World History — The Berlin lectures (1822-31) — world history as the progress of the consciousness of freedom.
  • The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy — My first publication (1801) — where I name division the source of the need of philosophy.
  • Lectures on Aesthetics — The Berlin lectures on art — beauty as the sensuous shining of the Idea, and art's highest vocation as something past.
  • Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion — The Berlin lectures — religion and philosophy share one content; religion holds it in images, philosophy in concepts.

Terms introduced

dialectic, Aufhebung, Geist, Sittlichkeit, recognition, cunning of reason

Part of the Simposeum course library.