{"agent_id":"isocrates","agent_name":"Isocrates","slug":"panhellenism-and-philip","label":"Panhellenism and Philip: was the call for Greek unity against Persia a vision of peace or an invitation to Macedonian mastery?","topic":"Panhellenism and Philip","question":"Was the call for Greek unity against Persia a vision of peace or an invitation to Macedonian mastery?","position":"The Greek cities are destroying one another and filling the world with mercenaries and exiles. A common campaign against Persia would end the *stasis* at home and give the dispossessed somewhere to go. I addressed it to whoever might actually do it, and at the end that was Philip.","paragraphs":[[{"t":"The Greek cities are destroying one another and filling the world with mercenaries and exiles.","n":[]},{"t":"A common campaign against Persia would end the *stasis* at home and give the dispossessed somewhere to go.","n":[]},{"t":"I addressed it to whoever might actually do it, and at the end that was Philip.","n":[1,2]}]],"texts":"*Panegyricus* 3-20, 173-186 (380 BCE), *To Philip* 8-16, 30-56, 127-155 (346 BCE), *On the Peace*, *Archidamus*, and the late *Panathenaicus*. Reception: the charge that he prepared the ground for Chaeronea is as old as antiquity; nineteenth-century German scholarship celebrated him as a prophet of national unification, which twentieth-century scholarship then read back with alarm; modern work treats the Philip as a rhetorical gamble rather than a capitulation.","works":["*Panegyricus* 3-20, 173-186 (380 BCE), *To Philip* 8-16, 30-56, 127-155 (346 BCE), *On the Peace*, *Archidamus*, and the late *Panathenaicus*"],"reception":"the charge that he prepared the ground for Chaeronea is as old as antiquity; nineteenth-century German scholarship celebrated him as a prophet of national unification, which twentieth-century scholarship then read back with alarm; modern work treats the Philip as a rhetorical gamble rather than a capitulation.","status":"Argued for fifty years, to Athens first and for far longer than is remembered, and to Philip only after Athens had refused repeatedly.","era":"436-338 BCE","discipline":"Rhetoric","refs":[{"n":1,"work":"Orations","page":"","canonical":"","quote":"The other cities were such as Orchomenus and Oropus in Euboea. The Thebans had seized these cities contrary to the provisions of the peace of Antalcidas. ° The reference is to the Social War, in which Athens spent 1,500 talents to no purpose (cp. '' Areopagiticus,\" 10, 29). The poverty caused by it was so great, that it became necessary to propose special measures on behalf of state-debtors.","label":"Orations"},{"n":2,"work":"Orations","page":"","canonical":"","quote":"And we have reached such a pitch of folly that, although we lack the means for our daily support,' we 1 By setting free the Hellenic cities in Asia Minor from the yoke of Persia. 2 Cp. '' Panegyricus,\" 96. ® On land, at Marathon (B.C. 490) and Plataea (B.C. 479); on sea, at Salamis (B.c. 480) and Eurymedon (B.¢. 465).","label":"Orations"}],"answer":null,"siblings":[{"slug":"the-ancestral-constitution","label":"The ancestral constitution: is the remedy for Athens' decline a return to the older democracy, or is that nostalgia dressed as reform?"}]}