{"agent_id":"spearman","agent_name":"Charles Spearman","slug":"the-noegenetic-laws","label":"The noegenetic laws: are the eduction of relations and correlates the fundamental operations of intelligence?","topic":"The noegenetic laws","question":"Are the eduction of relations and correlates the fundamental operations of intelligence?","position":"Beneath the measured factor g lies a definite cognitive content: intelligence is the power to apprehend one's own experience, to educe the RELATIONS between things, and to educe the CORRELATES that a thing and a relation together imply. The analogy — A is to B as C is to what? — lays these operations bare, and they are the engine of all higher thought.","paragraphs":[[{"t":"Beneath the measured factor g lies a definite cognitive content: intelligence is the power to apprehend one's own experience, to educe the RELATIONS between things, and to educe the CORRELATES that a thing and a relation together imply.","n":[]},{"t":"The analogy — A is to B as C is to what? — lays these operations bare, and they are the engine of all higher thought.","n":[1,2,3,4,5]}]],"texts":"The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition (1923): the three noegenetic principles — apprehension of experience, eduction of relations, eduction of correlates. Reception: the incorporation of relation-eduction into later theories of fluid intelligence and analogical reasoning (Cattell, Carroll); the charge that the laws are too abstract to be tested.","works":["The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition (1923): the three noegenetic principles — apprehension of experience, eduction of relations, eduction of correlates"],"reception":"the incorporation of relation-eduction into later theories of fluid intelligence and analogical reasoning (Cattell, Carroll); the charge that the laws are too abstract to be tested.","status":"The noegenetic laws give g a psychological meaning it would otherwise lack, and I hold them as the cognitive core of general ability; that they are pitched at a level of abstraction hard to test directly I grant, and their proof lies in the correlations they predict rather than in direct observation of the mind at work.","era":"1863-1945","discipline":"Psychology","refs":[{"n":1,"work":"The Abilities of Man","page":"","canonical":"","quote":"It probably characterizes more than half of the concepts ordinarily current. Of course, it enters into all that are of cognitive nature, as intellect, thought, atten- tion, inquiry, comparison, discrimination, evidence, demon- stration, discovery, belief, truth, expectation, supposition, communication, interpretation, concealment, news, report, ^ Brit. J. Psych. 1915, viii.","label":"The Abilities of Man"},{"n":2,"work":"The Abilities of Man","page":"","canonical":"","quote":"Still, throughout nearly all the immense area into which these tests do appear to have penetrated, the presence of g has been decidedly affirmed. Moreover, this g given by the tests has shown itself to measure that which the usual estimates of \" intelligence are trying to measure — but with indifferent success, owing to a variety of diffi- culties. Comparison with other views.","label":"The Abilities of Man"},{"n":3,"work":"The Abilities of Man","page":"","canonical":"","quote":"But other psychologists — as it seems, with better reason — ^hold contrariwise that a person may know his own experience with varying degrees of clearness; at the limit, the clearness may even sink to zero, so that the knowledge — ^but not the experience — vanishes.","label":"The Abilities of Man"},{"n":4,"work":"The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition","page":"","canonical":"","quote":"Little flower — ^but if I could understand What you are, root and all, and all in all, I should know what God and man is.\" • f i tmit i t i on by batrinalo Riitan.","label":"The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition"},{"n":5,"work":"The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition","page":"","canonical":"","quote":"By its means men must have learnt to seek shelter on seeing the sky grow black, countless ages before they could formulate any abstract relations of meteorology. And by the same means, probably, their tendency to behave upon lines that had gained their approval long preceded their drawing up abstract codes of ethical relations.","label":"The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition"}],"answer":null,"siblings":[{"slug":"general-intelligence","label":"General intelligence: is g a real, unitary factor underlying all cognition?"},{"slug":"factor-analysis","label":"Factor analysis: does it discover real mental entities, or merely summarize correlations?"},{"slug":"the-two-factor-theory","label":"The two-factor theory: did Spearman under-admit the group factors between g and s?"}]}